Calculating machine



1935. J. A. v. TURCK CALCULATING momma Original Filed July 7, 1932 3 Sheets-Sheet l mmw .ww

mama mm m a m Original Filed July 7, 1932 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Q w w.

Ihwentor 4 Nov. 12, 1935. J. A. v TURCK 2,020,975

CALCULATING MACHINE Original Filed July 7. s Shams-she r s 36 Junentor 7 V (Ittorneg Patented Nov. 12, 1935 CALCULATING mcums Joseph A. V. Turek, Wilmette, 11]., assignor to Felt & Tarrant Manufacturing Company,-bimo, Ill., a corporation of Illinois Renewed September 27, 1935 Application July 7, 1932, Serial No. 021,190

9Claims. (cuss-136) I This invention relates in general to improvements in calculating machines, and more particularly to improvements in the accumulator mechanism including a novel escapement mechanism for calculating machine such, for example, as is disclosed in my copending parent application Ser. No. 107,527, filed May 7, 1926 now Patent Number 1,926,826, of which this application is a continuation-in-part.

Objects of the present invention are the provision of a novel accumulator mechanism and escapement mechanism therefor which will permit of lightening key or universal drive strokes of the actuating mechanism, will lessen friction and function more definitely and certainly than those heretofore employed in calculating machines, the provision of a linked pallet device operable by a lower order accumulator device and controlling the timing of the transfer of power for transfer of the tens to a higher order accumulator device.

In addition to the general objects recited above the invention has for further objectssuch other improvements or advantages in construction and operation as may be found to obtain in the struc -tures and devices hereinafter described or claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification and showing, for purposes of exemplification, a preferred form and manner in which the invention may be embodied and practiced, but without limiting the claimed invention specifically to such illustrative instance or instances:-

Fig. l is a top plan view of a calculating machine constructed in accordance with the present invention, but with parts of the top casing plate and some of the keys broken away to show the interior construction;

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional .view taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1, showing the operation of the actuating mechanism in individual-key-driven actuation of the machine;

Fig. 4 is an elevational view illustrating the accumulator in side elevation;

Fig. 5 is a perspective view illustrating the accumulator mechanism; and

Fig. 6 is a detached perspective view illustrating the accumulator mechanism in more detail.

Fig. 71s a sectional view taken through the rear of the machine.

As the present improvements are useful with various types of calculating machines, and as the detail of construction and operation of the present machine may be readily understood from my. copending application, only such parts thereof as are directly concerned with the present improvements will be described in detail herein, reference 6 being' hereby made to said application for an un-' derstanding of the rest of the present machine.

Figures 1 to G are exact copies of Figures 4, 7,

Comptometer, the present illustrated embodi- H ment of the invention is described in connection with and as an improvement upon the machine shown, described and claimed in the copending application of the present inventor, Joseph A. V. Turck, Serial No. 654,874, filed July 31, 1923, now 26 Patent No. 1,869,872, and entitled Calculating machines.

There is a column actuator 21 for each column of nine keys of the machine, and each column actuator is preferably constructed in the form of 30 a bell-crank lever having a long, horizontal arm 29, a relatively short depending vertical arm 30, and being pivoted at the Junction point of said arms to the framework at the rear of the machine, asshown at 3i. The horizontal arm 29 of the column actuator extends forwardly from rear to front of the machine land receives the keyimpulse to actuate the accumulator, when the machine is set for key-driven actuation. Pivoted at 32 on a fixed shaft extending through and supported by the framework of the machine is an actuator sector 38 for transmitting the calculative motion of the column actuator to the accumulator. The pivoted sector 33 is provided with a set of gear teeth on its arcuate periph- 5 cry and said teeth are adapted to mesh with ordinal gears forming part of the ratchet mechanisms. Motion produced by the normal movement of the column actuator is transmitted to the pivoted sector 33 by an abutment 35 at the end of a double-arm lever 35a pivoted on the hub of the sector 33 concentrically with shaft 32 and connected with the column actuator by a link 95b. The abutment 35 is normally held in engagement with the rear radial edge 36 of the sector by a spring 3? connecting the forward radial arm 38 of said sector with said abutment 35. So long as any key 25 is depressed only that amount necessary to effect a movement of the sector 33 correspondingly with the digital value of the key, the spring 3?, during the downwardmovement of the column actuator arm 23, will hold the sector 33 against the abutment 35. If, however, the key be depressed beyond such normal move-- ment the spring 37 will permit the abutment 35 to move, with a yielding action, away from the sector 33 as the column actuator arm 29 continues to move downwardly.

In all forms of calculative actuation, it is the upward return movement of the transmitting gear or adding sectors 33 that effects the actual transfer of incremental ordinal accumulation to the accumulator mechanism, namely, the adding actuation. This is efiected by an ordinal internal ratchet mechanism, operating in like manner in the Comptometer patents hereinbefore mentioned in my parent applications.

In accordance with the invention, the accumulator mechanism includes the numeral wheels, and the interposed transmission gearing mechanism which receives direct incremental actuation from the column actuators and transfers it to the numeral wheels of the corresponding orders and also receives or transmits indirect actuation from a lower order gearing to a higher order gearing for effecting carrying of the tens from order to order, whenever a numeral wheel of a lower order passes the 9 point, whether in gear with the actuating mechanism or not. The carriage comprises a supporting framework including skeleton plates I I7 (Figs. 2 and 3) interposed between the various orders of the accumulator and tied together by transverse tie rods H3, and a top inclosing casing I I3. The carriage is both pivotally and slidably mounted on a rod I supported from the top of the fixed framework of the machine and is preferably constructed of a width somewhat greater than the width of the stationary casing to support a number of accumulator orders in excess of the orders of the actuating mechanism. This construction provides a machine of large capacity for multiple stroke calculation, whether positive as in multiplication or negative as in division. In the machine illustrated in the drawings there are eight columns of the actuating mechanism and fifteen columns or orders of the accumulator mechanism. Mounted on the stationary frame of the machine is a bed plate I provided with a series of notches or grooves I22, said grooves marking the various ordinal positions of the carriage when at rest and being adapted to cooperate with 9. depending lock arm I 23 supported by rods I20 and 233 in the carriage which arm enters one of the grooves when the carriage has been lowered into proper registering position. The lock arm I23 is arranged between two guide plates 235, (Fig. 3) forming a housing for said arm, and a spring 233 is interposed between the upper rear end 231 of the lock arm I23 and an abutment 233. At its lower end, the member I23 is iormed to provide a hook 233 which engages a rod 230 to limit the upward movement of the :arriage.

when the carriage is shifted by mechanism einafter described, such shifting causes the tapered edge 233, of the lock arm I23 to ride out of the notch I22 on the inclined sides of said notch, and as the edge 243 is riding out of the notch it elevates the carriage to disentrain the accumulator mechanism from the actuating ues to ride out .0; surface I2I of mechanism. The edge 243 until the edge rides on l. the bed-plate, on which cu ge 243 then slides until it reaches a next n? I22. During the sliding of the age 263 on the surface I2I the carriage is mainta ned elevated, so that the accumulator mechanism may clear the actuating mechanism, the bushing and rod 2 engaging the surface 242 of the lock arm I23, which thus supports the car in elevated position to clear 10 the mechanism itionary part of the machine during the g of the carriage until the lock arm I23 reaces and enters a next notch I22, when the tapered edge slides off the top sur. face I2I of the bed plate onto the inclined surface 15 of such notch, permitting the carriage to seat. Should the loci: arm fail to seat completely within the notch, spring 235 forces the lock arm I23 downwardly so -lhat the tapered edge is moved downwardly on said inclined sides of the notch 20 I22 and thereby draws the carriage laterally and centers it and its accumulator mechanism, in proper alignment and engagement with the actuating mechanism. The numeral wheels of the respective orders of the accumulator mecha- 25 nism are mounted to rotate on cross-rods or fixed supporting shafts I26 supported by the framework of the carriage and each numeral wheel is provided with its operating gear I21 in mesh with a gear I28 mounted on a parallel cross-rod I29. 30 (Fig. 3). Direct or indirect actuation is transmitted by the transmission gear mechanism of the accumulator to the gear I28 and the latter in turn transmits the accumulative motion to the gear I2I for rotating the numeral wheel in accordance with the incremental movement of either direct or indirect, or concurrently direct and indirect actuation.

The transmitting gear mechanism of the accumulator receives the actuation of the column actuators from the gears II4 of the internal ratchet mechanisms and transfers such actuation to the numeral wheels of the corresponding orders. It also embodies a carrying mechanism that employs the same gear transmission for ef- 5 fecting a carrying of the tens from lower orders to higher orders, whenever the numeral wheels of lower orders pass from 9" to 0". The carrying movement in the higher order may take place, in accordance with the mechanism of the invention, concurrently with a direct actuation of said higher order by its own corresponding collumn actuator without in any manner swallowing up the carrying impulse or entailing loss of carry. The accumulator mechanism of each order supported by the carriage comprises a pair of juxtapositioned combined internal and external gears I30 and I3I, the external gear teeth I32 of gear I30 being in mesh with the gear I23 and the external teeth I33 of the right-hand so gear I3I being in mesh with the gear II of the internal ratchet mechanism. The gear "I is loosely journaled upon a stub shaft I34 supported by a skeleton plate of the carriage frame and the left-hand gear I30 is loosely iournaled upon 05 a short stub shaft I35 which passes through the hub I33 of gear I30, the hub In of gear I3I, and is itself mounted for rotary movement in a socket I33 formed in the stationary stub shaft I33. The external teeth of gear I3I are dlf- 1Q ferential with respect to the external teeth of gear I30, for example gear I3I may have thirtysix external teeth while gear, I33 has forty external teeth. The Internal teeth I33 of gear I3I are also differential with respect to the-in- 7 constitutes a carrier for a pair of differential epicyclic pinions HI and I42, pinion I4I corresponding to gear I3I and meshing with its internal teeth I39 and pinion I42 corresponding with gear I30 and meshing with its internal teeth I40. The pair of differential pinions I4I, I42, are fixed together and rotate about a common axis I43 that is eccentric to the axis of rotation I35 of gears I30 and I3I. For example, pinion I4I may have twenty-two teeth and pinion I42 eighteen. Said pinions are journaled on the outer end of a carrier arm I44 fixedly supported by and projecting from shaft I35 in a direction transverse to its axis of rotation. The pair of differential epicyclic pinions I4I, I42, constitute the interposed transmitting gearing for transmitting direct actuation from the gear II4 of the internal ratchet mechanism to the numeral wheel gear I21 of the corresponding order. The transmission of direct incremental actuation may take place while the epicyclic pinions are moving only about their axis I43 and no epicyclic movement of said pinions about the axis I35 is taking place. In fact, this is the mode of operation except when a carry is being transferred from a lower order, but the carrying transfer which involves an epicyclic movement of the pair of pinions does not disturb the work of the pinions in transmitting direct actuation by rotation on axis I43. The transmission of direct actuation is as follows: On the up-stroke of the column actuator arm the internal ratchet mechanism gear I I4 is rotated for a distance sufficient to move the numeral wheel the number of numeral spaces required by the key actuated or set. The movement of gear H4 is transmitted to external gear I33 which in turn rotates internal gear I39, internal gear I39 rotates the pair of differential pinions I4I, I42, pinion I4I meshing with gear I39 and pinion I42 meshing with gear I40 to rotate the latter. The rotation of gear I40 also rotates external gear I 30, thereby rotating gear I28 and the numeral wheel gear I21. The gearing just described is so proportioned that external gear I32 turns a half rotation during each complete rotation of the corresponding numeral wheel gear I21 and numeral wheel I24. The epicyclic movement of the pair of differential pinions I4I, I42, is employed to receive and impart to the combined internal and external gear I30 a further one-step movement when a carry is released by the next lower order of the machine, that is when the numeral wheel of the next lower order passes between 9" and zero. The left-hand face of each combined internal and external gear I30 is provided with gear arms I45 to a projecting stud I40 of which is secured one end of the carrying spring I41 which embraces the hub I36 of the gear I30. The other end of the carrying spring I41 is secured to a hook I48 (Fig. projecting from a small disk I50 mounted on the right-hand end of and rigidly secured to the stub shaft I35 of the pair of differential pinions of the next higher order. The disk I50 constitutes an escapement wheel for the carrying transfer in the next higher order, whenever a carry is to go over from a lower order. The disk I50 is provided on its periphery with one carry-storage stop-lug I53 which is adapted to retain the escapement wheel I50 against rotation and the differential pinions I4I, I42, of the higher order against epicyclic movement, by the co-operation of a pair of carry-storage-retaining latches I54. Each carry-storage-retaining latch is mounted on a transverse rod I55 sup- 5 ported by the framework of the carriage. and the two latches I54 are connected together by a curved link I55 which causes both of the latches to move simultaneously when either one is moved. Each latch is provided with a curved stop arm I58 each of which makes contact with the transverse rod I55 of the other member when its detent I51 is in engagement with stop lug I53. Projecting from the free end of each latch I54 is cam lug IIiI which when engaged moves its latch I54 and detent I51 away from the stop lug I53 to release the escapement wheel I50, whenever a carry is to go over from the lower to the higher order.

When said latch I54 is moved to release the escapement wheel I50 it pulls the connecting bar I 56 which moves the other latch I54 into position so that its detent I51 is ready to engage the released stop lug I53. This movement occurs at each one-half revolution of the lower order gear I30, at the time when the numeral wheel of said lower order is passing between the 9" point and zero. Secured to .said arms I45 of said gear I is a curved inside guard 244 that extends around for about one-half of the perimeter of said gear I30. One end of said guard is depressed at 245 30 and in front of the other end of the guard 244 is a dolly-roll 246. The dolly-roll and the depressed portion are positioned oppositely with respect to the gear I30, the dolly-roll being adapted to engage and move one or the other of the cam lugs I SI, and its respective latch I54 whose detent I51 is in engagement with the stop lug I53 of the higher order, at the movement of carry release. When the external gear I30 moves its numeral wheel beyond the 9 point, the guard or cam presses outward the cam lug IBI that corresponds to the detent I51 that is in engagement with the stop'lug I53, and this movement causes the connecting link I56 to move the opposite cam lug I6I down into the recess 245 to hold 1 the other detent I51 in position to move into engagement with the stop lug I53 when the numeral wheel moves to zero. The contour of the recess in the guard 244 is designed to prevent the im-.- pact of the dolly-roll 246 from releasing the detent I51 too early, by offering resistance to. the opposite latch that must move in as the engaged latch is disengaged. At the instant when the gear I30 has completed one-half revolution, i. e., moved its numeral wheel to zero, the dolly-roll moves the cam lug IGI whose detent I51 is holding the stop lug I53 to release the stop lug and effect a carry, and at the same instant the guard 244 moves from under the other cam lug IGI, and said other detents latch I54 is moved so that its 60 detent I51 will catch the released stop lug I53. During direct actuation by its own column actuator the combined internal and external gear I30 of each lower order of the machine acts as a carrying spring winding gear for the purpose of 05 winding the carrying spring I41 to impart a carry-producing impulse to the escapement wheel I50 of the higher order. The carrying spring I41 is wound during each one-half revolution of the gear "I30 between the points of carrying release by the dolly-roll and the depressed portion of the inside guard. At the moment of carry release the carrying spring I41 has power stored in it sufficiently to turn the escapement wheel I50 of the higherorder, to which said carrying spring is also attached, and this eflects an epicyclic movement of the pair of differential pinions Ill, I42, of said higher order, by reason of the turning of the carrier I. By such eplcyclic movement of the pinions HI, I", in the next higher order, because of the differential number of teeth in the pinions themselves and in the combined internal and external gears with which said pinions mesh and co-operate, the gear I10 of the higher order is imparted a movement sufficient to actuate the numeral wheel of said higher order one extra numeral space required by the carrying transfer.

As external gear I30 receives all accumulator actuation from pinion I42, and is not in mesh with gearing other than pinion I42, gear I18 and numeral wheel gear I21, it is free to take a carry over at all times and there is no delay in transmitting a carry from a lower order to a higher order until the higher order has finished its direct actuation. In fact the carry my complete itself before the direct actuation in the higher order has been completed. A carry will go over ders simultaneously in either key-driven or key-.

set and universal-key-driven operation of the machine.

The operation of lifting the carriage disengages the gears iii of the ordinal accumulator mechanism from the gears II of the ordinal actuating mechanism, and this would, unless preventcd, release the tension of the carrying springs I41 which are attached to the gears I30. In order to prevent the carrying springs from unwinding reversely and losing their tension, there is provided in each order of the accumulator mechanism a locking lever I53 (see Figure 3) for looking the gears I30 against movement, whenever the respective gear trains are disengaged from the actuating mechanism. The locks I63 are pivoted at their lower ends on a rod I64 secured to the several plates of the carriage frame and the upper ends of said lock levers are provided with detents I65 adapted to move into engagement with the external teeth of the gears I3I, when the locks I63 are released by the lifting of ihe carriage. The said lock levers I53 are provided with horizontal arms I66 which engage a ledge of the bar III to throw the detents out of engagement with such gears as are to be engaged with the acuating mechanisms, when the carriage frame is in its lowered position. Said arms I86 are arranged between a frame plate and a folded portion 2l0-24'I thereof, forming a guard against accidental release of the lock lever by an operator or any one else who may by accident grasp the projecting portion of the carriage to lift the machine. Said portion is provided with a slot 248 so that said guard may fit over the ledge of the bar I2I. These slotted portions are provided io limit the throw of said arms I66 when they are lowered onto said ledge. When, however, the carriage is lifted springs I61 connecting the vertical arms of the lever IS! with the rod 249 are released to pull the detents I65 of said lever forwardly into locking engagement with the gears I3I. As the gears III! are not looked, even in those orders of the accumulator in which looks I have not been released by engagement with bar III, the carrying transfers may nevertheless take place although such orders may not be in operative position with respect to any part of the actuating mechanism.

The invention is hereinabove set forth as ema bodied in a particular form of construction but may be variously embodied within the scope of the claims hereinafter made.

I claim:

1. In a calculating machine, in combination: a 10 carry transmitting mechanism; a plurality of movable arms each pivotally mounted independently of the others; an inflexible member connecting the free ends of said arms; each of said arms having a detent thereon for holding the carry 15 transmitting mechanism; a guard in engagement at all times with one or the other of said arms, said guard being moved by the lower order accumulating mechanism and arranged therewith so as to release one arm from engagement with and simultaneously move the other arm into position to engage the carry transmitting mechanism when a carry is to go over from said lower order.

2. In a calculating machine, in combination: a carry mechanism; a carry stop member associated therewith; two positively co-operatively linked detents each adapted to engage and restrain movement of said stop member; means, operable when a carry is to go over, for releasing said stop member from engagement with one detent and for simultaneously moving the other detent into the path of the moving stop memher to engage and restrain further movement of the stop member. 85

3. In a calculating machine, in combination:

a carry transmitting mechanism including a spring impelled carry stop member; a plurality of connected arms; means moving with the lower order accumulating mechanism for moving past a) and pressing against one arm and thereby maintaining the other arm in engagement with the stop member, said means operating when a carry is to go over to move past and press against the holding arm to disengage it from the stop member to permit the stop member to move under the action of its spring and to pull the other arm info the path of the moving stop member.

4. m a calculating mechanism, in combination: a lower order accumulator mechanism; a higher order accumulator mechanism; a disk secured to a shaft that carries a pair of pinions for operative engagement with the higher order accumulator mechanism: a carry storage spring secured to said disk and arranged to be wound up by the lower order accumulator mechanism; a pair of connected arms arranged so that one or the other is in engagementwith the disk to restrain it from movement under the influence of said spring; means moving in harmony with the I) lower order accumulator mechanism, said means engaging one of said arms to hold the other arm in restraining engagement with said disk, said means acting when a carry is going over to re lease said first-named arm to permit it to come 85 into position to catch the disk, at the same time that said means engages the other arm to disengage said arm from the disk to permit the disk to move under the action of its spring to effect a carry.

5. In a calculating machine, in combination: lower order accumulator mechanism giving of! power for the transfer of the tens to higher order accumulator mechanism; means controlling the time of delivery of said power, consisting of apallet device positively oscillated by the lower order accumulator mechanism and controlling said timing of each half pallet-stroke.

.6. In a calculating machine, in combination: ordinal accumulator mechanism; a carry transmitting mechanism; a plurality of pivotally mounted movable arms rigidly connected relative to each other for unitary pivotal movement; each oi said arms having a detent thereon for holding the carry transmitting mechanism; a guard in engagement at all times with one or the other of said arms, said guard being moved by another order of the accumulating mechanism and arranged therewith so as to release one arm from engagement with and simultaneously move the ordinal accumulator mechanism; a carry mechanism; a stop-member associated therewith; a pallet comprising two positively co-operating detents each adapted to engage and restrain movement of said stop-member; means, operable when a carry is to go over, for releasing said stop-member from engagement with one detent and for simultaneously moving the other detent into the path of the moving stop-member to engage and restrain iurther movement of the stop-member.

8. In a calculating machine, in combination: ordinal accumulator mechanism; a carry transmitting mechanism therefor including a spring impelled stop-member; a pallet comprising plurality of connected arms;-means moving with one order of the accumulating mechanism for moving past and pressing against one arm and thereby maintaining another of said arms in engagement with "the stop-member, said means operating when a carry is to go over to move past and press against the holding arm to disengage it from the stop-member .and permit the stop-member to move under the action of its spring and to pull another of said arms into the path of the moving stop-arm.

9. In a calculating machine, in combination: accumulator devices for an order giving oil powerfor the transfer of the tens to accumulator devices of another order; means controlling the time of delivery of said power, consisting of a pallet device positively oscillated by the accumulator devices for the order first mentioned and controlling said timing of each half pallet-stroke.

JOSEPH A. V. TURCK. 

